What is Debt-to-Income Ratio?

3 Min Read | Published: 13 June 2024

 

Written by American Express

Debt-to-income ratio (DTI) is a metric that compares your total debt payments to your gross monthly income. In other words, it provides insights into how much of your money you use to pay off your monthly debts and how much you have freed up.

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What types of debt are included in your debt-to-income ratio?

Your debt payments could include:

 

  • Mortgage payments
  • Credit card bill
  • Overdraft
  • Personal, student or auto loans
  • Council tax
  • Other debt obligations such as child support payments

How to calculate debt-to-income ratio?

how step1

Calculate your monthly debt cost

 

Add up all your outstanding debts, from credit card to mortgage payments.


how-step2

Find your gross monthly income

 

That includes all the money you make, (e.g. your salary, bonuses, investment profits, etc) before any deductions like taxes or insurance costs.

how-step3

Calculate your debt-to-income ratio

 

Divide your total monthly debt payments by your gross monthly income. Then multiply the result by 100.

For example, if you have £1,000 in debt payments and a gross income of £3,000 your DTI would be:

 

(Monthly debt payments / gross monthly income) x 100

(1000/3000) x 100

(0.333) x 100

 

DTI = 33%

What is a good debt-to-income ratio?

A good debt-to-income ratio is anything below 35% - as the lower the percentage, the better.

 

This is because your lenders will use DTI to understand your financial situation. Then, they can evaluate your loan application and make a decision about the loan terms or interest rates. The lower your DTI, the greater your chance of getting

a good deal.

 

For example:

 

  • A low DTI is usually below 35% and means that you have a relatively small amount of debt compared to your income. This shows lenders that you’re a low-risk borrower with a sufficient income who can repay them – and could result in lower interest rates and better loan terms.

  • Anything between 36% to 49% is considered a moderate DTI and suggests that you’ll probably be able to manage multiple repayments.

  • A high DTI above 50% may seem alarming for lenders as you might not be able to repay any additional expenses. This could potentially impact your loan approval and terms.

Lenders can check your DTI by reviewing your payslips, banks statements and other documents.

How to improve your debt-to-income ratio?

Here are some common ways to bring your debt-to-income ratio down:

 

  • Prioritise paying off your existing debts. Look for opportunities to pay down your high interest debts or use the debt snowball method to settle debts with the smallest balances.

  • Cut your expenses. Be mindful of how you spend your money, avoid impulse purchases and shop around for offers.

  • Avoid taking on new debt. Don’t apply for new credit or loans. Try to stick to your budget and build an emergency fund for unexpected expenses.
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